Mosquito-borne disease alert: Europe’s summer peak mosquito season is raising concern for West Nile virus, chikungunya and dengue, with reports of more than 1,000 suspected cases across popular destinations last summer and deaths linked mainly to West Nile in Italy; the European public health picture is already showing returns this season, including in parts of Italy, and North Macedonia is mentioned among countries reporting shared infections. Heat-health emergency: WHO warns Europe is heading into its “deadliest weeks” as another heatwave builds, with Portugal and southern Spain forecast up to 43°C and France and the Benelux facing fresh danger; WHO highlights gaps in national heat-health action plans and urges better cooling access, awareness, and climate-resilient healthcare. Local health system pressure (context): A separate report notes North Macedonia’s healthcare reforms still struggle with low public funding, high out-of-pocket costs, doctor/nurse shortages, uneven regional access, and migration of young professionals—problems that reinforce each other. Cross-border health-related funding (context): Bulgaria’s EUR 14m Interreg IPA programmes for areas along the Bulgaria–Serbia and Bulgaria–North Macedonia borders aim to support municipalities and the non-governmental sector, which can include health and living-standards initiatives. Road safety trial: A North Macedonia court has opened the trial of Iva Mihaylova over a road traffic safety case tied to injuries and a death, with the dispute centering on whether she violated speed and lane rules and whether her medical access was affected by document confiscation.